Dr Gavin Bell and Dr Yorck Ramachers in the laboratory, credit University of Warwick. Credit: University of Warwick A new 'double-glazing' solar power device – which is unlike any existing solar panel and opens up fresh opportunities to develop more advanced photovoltaics – has been invented by University of Warwick researchers.
This unique approach, developed by Dr Gavin Bell and Dr Yorck Ramachers from Warwick's Department of Physics, uses gas - rather than vacuum - to transport electrical energy,
The device is essentially a thin double-glazed window. The outer pane is transparent and conducts electricity. The inner window is coated with a special material, which acts a source of electrons under illumination by sunlight – this is called a "photocathode".
The two panes are separated by a safe inert gas, such as argon – exactly as is found in high quality double glazing windows.
When sunlight hits the device, electrons are knocked out of the photocathode and bounce through the gas to the outer pane without being absorbed or lost.
This is totally different to how electrons act in existing solar panels, and opens up the possibility of improving solar power generation methods – whereas improvements in classic photovoltaics are hard to come by.
The electrons are then collected and the electrical energy pumped into the grid. This can be done through a gas-filled gap rather than a vacuum which would be far more cost-effective for any practical device.
Dr Bell and Dr Ramachers re-investigated ideas about the photoelectric effect dating back to Nikola Tesla and Albert Einstein when they considered whether these ideas could be used for modern solar power generation – leading to the development of this new process.
Dr Gavin Bell, from the University of Warwick's Department of Physics, commented:
"It's satisfying to find a new twist on ideas dating back to the start of the 20th century, and as a materials physicist it is fascinating to be looking for materials which would operate in an environment so different to standard photocathodes."
The optimal material for the photosensitive layer still needs to be identified, and the researchers have proposed a range of candidate materials - including thin films of diamond, which would be very robust and long-lasting.
The transparency of the photocathode could be varied, leading to the possibility of tinted windows generating solar power.
The researchers would like the scientific community to think about potential optimal materials:
"We think the materials challenge is really critical here so we wanted to encourage the materials science community to get creative," said Dr Bell. "Our device is radically different from standard photovoltaics, and can even be adapted for other green technologies such as turning heat directly into electricity, so we hope this work will inspire new advances."
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More information: Gavin R. Bell et al. Photoelectric Solar Power Revisited, Joule (2017). DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2017.11.007