In this Aug. 15, 2016 file photo, a lift boat, right, that serves as a work platform, assembles a wind turbine off Block Island, R.I. Massachusetts is expected to start accepting proposals at the end of June, 2017 for large scale, offshore wind energy projects, the first such of its kind in the US. President Trump's opposition to wind energy specifically and renewable energy generally might play a role. (AP Photo/Michael Dwyer, File) Massachusetts' bid to become the nation's leader in offshore wind power is ramping up.
The state's electric utilities—National Grid, Eversource and Unitil—are slated to release by June 30 their requirements for projects seeking to develop the state's first ocean-based wind farm.
That sets in motion an ambitious effort to put Massachusetts ahead of states like New York, New Jersey and Maryland also seeking to establish their presence in the nascent U.S. industry. Here's a primer on where things stand:
NEW ENERGY LAW
A state law passed last year to boost Massachusetts' use of renewable energy outlines the process for developing offshore wind power.
The law calls for generating at least 1,600 megawatts of power, roughly enough electricity to power 750,000 homes annually, from offshore wind by 2027.
To accomplish this, the utilities are required to secure long-term contracts with wind farm developers in at least two phases: a bid request this June and another in 2019.
The law also calls for generating up to 1,200 additional megawatts from other clean energy sources, including hydropower, onshore wind power and solar power by 2027.
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KEY PLAYERS
At least three companies have expressed interest in the bid: Rhode Island's Deepwater Wind, Denmark's DONG Energy and Vineyard Wind of New Bedford, Massachusetts.
Those three have already taken the key step of securing federal leases to develop offshore wind farms miles of the coasts of Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket, where the state is focusing its offshore wind efforts.
In this Aug. 15, 2016 file photo, three of Deepwater Wind's turbines stand in the water off Block Island, R.I. Massachusetts is expected to start accepting proposals at the end of June 2017 for large scale, offshore wind energy projects, the first such of its kind in the US. President Trump's opposition to wind energy specifically and renewable energy generally might play a role. (AP Photo/Michael Dwyer, File) Each firm comes with its industry bonafides.
Deepwater Wind opened the nation's first offshore wind farm off Block Island last year—a five-turbine project generating 30 MW.
DONG Energy has installed hundreds of turbines in waters off Europe and has partnered with Eversource on its Massachusetts venture.
And Vineyard Wind is partly owned by Portland, Oregon renewable energy developer Avangrid Renewables and Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners of Denmark.
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ROUGH DRAFT
The utilities—in concert with state agencies—have been developing their bid requirements for months.
The most recent draft calls for proposals generating between 400 to 800 megawatts of power and outlined key dates, including a December deadline for submitting applications and a May 2018 deadline for picking a winner or winners.
But the utilities have also sought input from offshore wind companies and other stakeholders, so it remains to be seen if those specifics are further tweaked.
SIZE MATTERS?
As the utilities have drafted their bid requirements, there's been some debate about the right size for the wind farms.
DONG Energy argues that larger projects generating up to 800 megawatts provide "efficiencies of scale" that would lead to lower electricity costs for ratepayers.
In this Aug. 15, 2016 file photo, one of Deepwater Wind's turbines is viewed off Block Island, R.I. Massachusetts is expected to start accepting proposals at the end of June 2017 for large scale, offshore wind energy projects, the first such of its kind in the US. President Trump's opposition to wind energy specifically and renewable energy generally might play a role. (AP Photo/Michael Dwyer, File) Vineyard Wind believes the more practical approach is developing four projects of 400 megawatts each. And Deepwater Wind has argued for a range of projects of varying sizes.
"We think a more gradual approach makes the most sense," said Jeffrey Grybowski, Deepwater Wind's CEO. "You need to walk before you run."
TOO SLOW?
Timing also has been a concern among some stakeholders.
The Conservation Law Foundation, a nonprofit environmental advocacy group, has advocated for an accelerated timeline that would allow construction to start as soon as next summer and the wind farm to be operational by 2023.
Vineyard Wind CEO Erich Stephens warns that a prolonged selection process makes it harder for firms to maximize their benefit from federal investment tax credits that are gradually being phased out. That, he said, could ultimately impact costs passed to ratepayers.
"Even just a few months makes a huge difference," Stephens said.
THE TRUMP EFFECT
Offshore wind developers seem united on at least one point: they're not overly concerned about President Donald Trump's policies on renewable energy just yet. Trump was a vocal critic of offshore wind technology as a candidate and businessman.
The companies note that states play a vital role in setting the nation's energy priorities since they regulate utilities, and Massachusetts' Republican Governor Charlie Baker has reaffirmed the state's commitment to its clean energy goals despite the country's withdrawal from the Paris climate change agreement.
"There's no pause for us," said Thomas Brostrom, president of DONG Energy's North American operations. "We're remain really committed to the market here in Massachusetts and the U.S."
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